Such talk is muddying the big difference between the self employed and those who are employed company owners.
The self employed cannot really control how much tax they pay apart from refusing working or taking it in a different tax year. No different to an employed person taking a job either side of the tax year to benefit from whatever rates are on offer at the time.
I see no reason why the self employed should not have the same NI as an employed person. Remember, they still don't have employer NI to contend with.
Company owners can control their income by choosing when dividends are paid. Remember, dividends are now taxed and are paid from profits AFTER the company has paid corporation tax. So an additional rate tax payer would pay dividend tax at 38.1% after the company has already paid 20% corporation tax. Conversly the self employed or employed person in such a tax bracket would only be paying 2% NI over and above £827pw.
Conclusion is that the additional NI rate for the self employed is justified but any more tinkering the dividend tax rates that would penalise the company owners who already risk all and create jobs would not be a great move.
An easy target is the huge reliefs that are avaialble to the wealthy with regards to savings. Most will consider themselves lucky if they have £50 left to save at the end of the month, yet from April the ISA limit is increasing to an astonishing £20,000. So, if you earn enough money to be able to save £20,000 a year, you can do so and not pay a penny tax on it. I should stress that this allowance is in addition to the £1000 we can earn in interest without paying tax. At today's paltry interest rates, one might need £100k save to use this allowance to the max.
Also, note that the ISA limit has been increasing year on year. There are now a large number of wealthy people who have been able to shelter over £1m in ISA's and not pay a penny tax on their interest or dividends. How can this be just? A well invested £1m pot would likely be generating up to £50k a year income and if this was tax normally the government coffers would be boosted by £10k to £27500 for each ISA millionaire.
Then we have the hugely genourous limits for pensions. Who can afford to to save £40k into their pension each year? If you are rich enough HMRC will give you tax releif at your margin rate which could mean if you earn loads you just need to pay £22k of your own money and the government will put in £18k gratis!
But it gets worse! If you have not used your pension allowance from previous years, you can use this year's allowance and the previous 3 years! Mental.
Conclusion
ISA's:-
Make it so that the maximum than can be held tax free in an ISA is £100,000. And reduce the annual ISA limit to £6000. If you are lucky enough to be able to save £500pm then go for it. This move would earn HMRC billions in extra tax and might at the same time encourage those who have huge sums in their ISA's to take it out and spend it, thus helping the economy.
Pensions:-
Eliminate the ability to backdate pensions 3 years with immediate effect. A compromise might be to allow one year so that contracters with erratic incomes can take advantage in their better years. At the same time, reduce the annual limit to £30,000 from £40,000 but give everyone tax relief at 30%. It's simply not fair that someone on £150k PA gets over twice as much tax releif as someone on the average wage.
This move would ensure the maximum tax liabiilty HMRC have per person would be £9000 instead of the £76,500 you could get in releif this year!
This is a good post - and I say that as someone lucky enough to have benefited hugely from both ISA and pension tax reliefs. However, it's perfectly possible to do the rational thing on these as an individual, if you can afford to, and still recognise that these tax subsidies for the well-off are both hugely regressive and do little or nothing to incentivise entrepeneurialism or economic activity.