I'll respond to your second point.
I was (am?) a member of the Local Government Pension Scheme That was a contributory scheme that required both the employee and the employer to make contributions towards the cost of pensions. As an employee, I had no choice and I paid into the fund every month. But the employer (in my case East Sussex County Council) did have a choice. They were responsible for managing their particular bit of the fund (called the East Sussex Pension Fund). The way they did this was to employ investment advisors who were required only to ensure that there was enough money in the fund to pay out the short-term amounts that were needed to pay the current recipients of a pension.
What this meant, in practice, was that the employer was advised that there was no need to top up the fund with employer's contributions. In fact, not making those contributions could be a way of keeping council tax down. And that's what ESCC (and all other local government employers did). They called it "complying with the regulations".
Guess what? Over the years, it became obvious to everyone involved that, in the long term, this was an arrangement that wasn't sustainable. Despite pressure to make appropriate contributions, the employers effectively spent their money on other things. Not unlike Robert Maxwell, as it happens. But, unlike Maxwell, they got away with it.
Now we are told that the taxpayer can't afford to keep public sector pensions at their earlier level. So the party is over - and, astonishingly, everyone is blaming the employees.
All of this was avoidable, if the government (who made the regulations) had, in fact, required the employers actually to make their contributions to the pension fund.
Don't disagree with any of that. All I was saying is that schemes like that, public sector funded schemes, were partly paid for out of taxation through employer contributions. You're clearly correct that some public sector employers (and many, many more private sector employers - Maxwell and Philip Green are just the tip of the iceberg) took contribution 'holidays' on the basis of what turned out to be very unreliable estimates of the long-term value of the funds. That was a scandal, should not have been allowed to happen, and should never be allowed to happen again (see my separate post arguing for tighter regulation of pension schemes, public and private). That doesn't refute my original point that the ESCC pension schemes and similar ones are at least partly funded by taxation through employer contributions (even if there was a period when the employer was able to renege on those contributions).