Out of interest H(WT), what's your take on the proven clinical effectiveness of placebo pills for depression? Some interesting stuff, if not all new, in David Robson's latest book The Expectation Effect.
A placebo effect is very simple. The subject is given a pill and told* it will cure them. If they have a certain type of illness, particularly anxiety and depression, the patient may feel better. The pill has not cured them, but their mind has triggered a cascade of events that have caused benefit. This is a real phenomenon, albeit the success rate diminishes in accordance with the severity of the condition, and the nature of the patient. For example the placebo effect would not remove pain and mend an untreated broken leg. Nor would it work on a teething baby. I would add that there may be a baby in Bolivia who was teething, and who had a leaf stroked on his head and stopped crying. That isn't the placebo effect. That is coincidence.
*Here is the problem. It is unethical to give a placebo pill (sugar coated sweetie, in effect) and tell a patient that it will cure them, if they have meaningful illness and viable treatments are available. The essence of medicine is the application of substances, exercises, lifestyle changes and other things we may call 'interventions' that have been shown (ideally in a randomized blinded trial that controls for the placebo effect) to provide added benefit (i.e., a greater chance of improvement, perhaps even a cure, compared with placebo alone).
If you think about all of this, you'd be a mug to volunteer for a placebo if you are ill.
That said, I am all for using trickery to add to the benefit of a medicine. This all very interesting from an academic point of view, too. I have had acupuncture and really enjoyed it. No obvious benefit, but I like to imagine it helped. Luckily there wasn't much wrong with me.
A mate of mine was head of anesthesiology at a big teaching hospital. He had a patient who asked if he could be hypnotized for a minor op, rather than be given anaesthetic drugs. My pal had a go, and it 'worked' (in that the patient tolerated the surgery without complaint).
Yes, the human mind can play great tricks. It is fun and interesting to explore this sort of thing. However.....I draw the line at 'alternative' treatments. Alternative means 'instead of'. These are essentially tricks that are applied instead of treatment. There have been cases of children dying because their parents have used 'alternative' healers rather than use conventional medicine to diagnose and treat what turned out to be life-threatening illness. That is criminal and a disgrace. Doing things additional to conventional medicine is fine though (if it is safe - like my taking evening primrose oil, as I do, 'for my fingers').
I looked up the book to which you refer. From a Grauniad review: "You knew about the placebo effect. But did you know it often works, a little mind-bendingly, even when the patient knows they’re taking a placebo? (This is promising, in terms of medical ethics, because it suggests that people need not be deceived in order to benefit.) And if you knew that, did you know there’s evidence that the placebo effect is growing more powerful over time, as more people learn of the placebo effect, and thus expect to experience it? That’s right: the placebo effect has a placebo effect. Expect your expectations to change your life, and they will.".
Yes. It's the placebo effect. It isn't something new. If you accept the basic premise that you can 'think' your body into changing in certain ways, and accept that rather like hypnotism it is connected with suggestibility, then these sort of books simply reduce to a sequence of anecdotes delivered for our entertainment.
Here is one for you (a bit like the blokes dying from sleep paralysis in the book). There have been numerous cases of military personnel in helicopters that have crashed into the sea dying with no identifiable injuries, and not by drowning. Similar deaths have not been reported if the helicopter crashes on land (in which case the passengers either die of physical injuries, or they don't die). What's the explanation?
The book review ends with "We defensive pessimists could do with remembering that sometimes things do actually turn out really well – especially if you expect them to.". Indeed. I would agree that expecting to succeed may give you an advantage. I am unaware of any football team that has trudged onto a pitch expecting that the far superior opposition would prevail, only to find themselves coming out on top. No, what we hear is that an underdog wins because the manager 'gave us unbelievable belief' etc.
Anyway, that's what I think. Other opinions are available