I would agree that the rise in cost of one item does not constitute inflation, but the "cost of labour" refers to the cost of all labour, in this case not limiting it to train drivers or whoever you wanted to highlight. The availability of labour is limited; that does not mean there is a shortage, it means there is a limit. And as you stated, a rise in the cost of a limited resource gives rise to inflation. You probably don't remember the 1970's.Firstly, I`m not sure if there is a shortage of train drivers globally (although another poster points out problems on LNER) - train some more? Fruit pickers there seem to be (maybe pay them more?) I disagree with your definiton of inflation. A one off increase in price is not infaltion. Inflation is the continouous rise in the price level, so the price level has to be rising for a number of time periods. Also, the government, in terms of the train drivers, doesnt have to increase train fares as a result. That is their policy choice. I would argue for a drastic reduction in the cost of rail travel as we have some of the most expensive fares in Europe. Even if a negotiated pay increase for the doctors or rail workers might result in an increase in prices, this might be a necessary but not sufficient condition for an inflationary process to unfold.